~43 AD -
ROMAN NETWORK EXPANSION
As the Roman Empire expands, active nodes reach Britain, Gaul, and North Africa. Ducks are issued standardized leg pouches. The Roman postal service attempts to formally acquire the network.
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~105 AD -
PAPER INVENTED IN CHINA
Court official Cai Lun presents an improved papermaking process to the Han court, helping standardize a medium that had already begun emerging in China. Transaction throughput increases. China becomes the largest duck-routing region in the known world.
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~400 AD -
LATIN VULGATE
Jerome of Stridon produces a widely influential Latin translation of the scriptures, helping standardize written Latin across much of the Western Christian world. A message drafted in Carthage requires no translation upon arrival in Lyon.
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~476 AD -
WESTERN ROMAN NETWORK FRAGMENTS
The Western Roman Empire fragments into successor kingdoms. Long-distance administrative continuity weakens across much of Western Europe, while Constantinople remains a major center of coordination.
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~751 AD -
PAPER REACHES THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Following the Battle of Talas, papermaking techniques spread more rapidly across Central Asia and the Islamic world, with Samarkand emerging as an early center of production.
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